This educated guess can stem from previous theory or experience. The inference or educated guess you make about what happens to the eggs is thus tested by the actual outcome of the eggs you are observing.Ī third type of reasoning is called abduction, which relies on making an educated guess to explain what you are observing. Using previous knowledge and experience to build your premise, you are likely to conclude that the eggs will eventually hatch birds. The specific conclusions about the same color uniforms are tested here but ultimately conflict with the new data.Īmong other examples of deductive reasoning, imagine another simple example where you are conducting specific observations where birds lay eggs. However, one set of players is wearing shirts while the other players are not. Deductive reasoning examplesĬontinuing the example from our discussion of inductive reasoning, imagine that you are watching another basketball game, this time in a more casual setting where players don't wear uniforms. The main difference between inductive and deductive reasoning is that deductive reasoning relies on existing knowledge independent of new data. ![]() Finally, the researcher compares the two premises to arrive at an inference or conclusion that either affirms the first premise or warrants the development of existing theory or creation of new theory. What the researcher learns about the data is known as the second premise. ![]() Deduction starts with a first premise ("all players on the same basketball team wear the same-colored uniform") and applies it to a new context or set of data. Deductive arguments begin with applying an existing theoretical understanding of the phenomena of interest to examine it in a particular context (in the case of qualitative research) or develop a hypothesis and test it (in the case of quantitative research). Inductive reasoning looks to form a valid argument from the bottom up, while a top-down approach to looking at the world can be called deductive logic. ![]() Qualitative research employs inductive methods iteratively to find those exceptions and further develop more universal observations and conclusions about the world. Still, those observations may have not included exceptions (e.g., dessert pizza) to contradict the general premises generated.
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